John harper



showing all the parts in position;

l? t zuteil lrtatetf @anni i Griffin To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN HARPER, of Hillsborough,

in the county of Henry, and State of Iowa, have in'- vented a new anduseful Improvement in Ohnrns; and I do hereby declare that the followngis a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being hadto the annexed drawings, mak`ing part of this specification, in which;

Figure 1 is a perspective viewof my improved churn,

Figure 2 is a central vertical section of the waterreservoir andair-induction pipes; and

Figure 3 is an elevation of thesame. Corresponding letters in eachiignredenote corresponding parts.

'Ihis invention relates to an improvement in chums 5 all( i i Itconsists in combining, with an oscillating churn, a reservoir forcontaining water for heatingor 4cooling the milk or cream, ascircumstances may require, said reservoir having passages formed withinit, for the admission of air to the milk or cream, while the same isbeingr chui-ned.

A, in the drawings, represents a frame,

which may be ot'- any suitable construction,

to form a base for the support of the churn.

B represents an upright, or standard, of which there are Atwo which areI irml y securedto the base, A., and rise therefrom fora. distancesufeient to elevate the body of the churn to the desired height.

C represents a pivot, orjonrnal, of which there are two, secured to thesides of the mi1k-vessel D, and

`which have their bearings in the standards B,\they attached mayoscillate freely thereon; y i

D represents a vessclfor the reception of the cream being so arrangedthat the vessel to which they are' `or milk to be churned, which vesselmay be rectangular inform, with bevelled ends, as shownin the drawings,or it may be constructed in other suitable form.

This' vessel has formed inits upper surface,.an aperture, for thereception of thewater-vessel F, as will be more fully describedhereafter, and it'is provided with ahandle, E, for oscillating .thesame, as clearly shown in `tig. l of the drawings. l

F represents a cylindrical vessel, which is to be of snth'cient diameterto fill the'aperture formed in the milk-vessel, and of a lengthsuliicient to allow its lower end to rest upon the bottom of suchvessel, while its upper end projects slightly above the upper surfacethereof.

This vessel is provided with an aperture, which is, formed in its upperend, as shown at G, which 'is for the purposeofallowingl the same to befilled with warm or hot water, when the milk or cream needs warmingHivor heating, or with 4cold water, when the lsame needs vessel is notconnected 'permanently with the milkvessel, but may be removed therefromat the pleasure of the operator.

H H represent air-pipes, for the admission of air to the vessel D, whilethe process of churning is going on, the vertical' pipe 'H serving toconduct the air to the horizontal one, Hf, throughwhieh it iscondnctedto the cream or milkin vesselD.

The operation of my, improved churn is as follows:

The pa'rts having been, constructed and arranged 'as above described,the milk or cream is poured into vessel D, through the aperture formedin the top thereof, when the vessel vvF'is to be inserted, which done,the churn is ready for'use, and is to be oscillated by means ofthehandle E, which oscillations' will cause the milk or cream to flow fromoneend of the vessel to the other, with snticientvrapidity of motion tocause that portion thereof which passes thronghthe p 'ipe H', and pastthe mouth of pipe H, to create a partiabvacnnm, and thus induce theinflux of a current of air, which will aid in producing thechangerequired in thecontcnts o f the churn, by causing additionalagitation therein.

Should the operator discover, at any time, that the temperature of thecontentsof his churn needs. to be changed, he will remove the stopperfrom theaperture G, and pour in warm or cold water, as the necessitiesof the case demand, when, by a further oscillation of vessel'D, itscontents will be brought into contact with vessel F, and thus thetemperature thereof will be changed as desired..

Having thus described my invention,

"Vhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l: A churn, in which the air that is admitted to the contents thereof,is caused to pass, through a vessel containing hot or cold water, ascircumstances may require, by which means said air is heated or cooled,as desired, substantially in the manner shown and Idescribed.

2. lThe construction of the vesseLE, with its resshown and described.

3. The combination and arrangement of vessels D and F, substantially asshown' and described.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence ot two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN HARPER. Witnesses:

JOHN L. J URBAN,

HENRY' MCOOY.'

cooling, which operation is readily performed, as the ervoir for water,and its air-passages, substantially as i

